Saturday, February 23, 2019

THE INTRODUCTION OF LIABILITY COMPANIES



The shareholders of companies hold liabilities to the company. In simple terms they share the liabilities arising from the companys’ activities. However, it was assumed without formal provision that the liability of shareholders in the earliest chartered companies was limited to the amount of their subscribed contributions, but then in the Ham borough Company case,[1]
it was finally established that the creditors of the company could look to the shareholders to be limited to the amount subscribed. This was the case with unlimited liability companies, where all shareholders or partners were fully liable without limitation for all the debts of partnership. In this case often their right to sue and be sued in the name of their trustees is as result of special rights petitioned for.[2]
The subscribers of the limited liability companies (private and public) were restricted in their liabilities, as such companies obtained legal personality separate from its’ individual members. However, this advantage was not until the principal subject of dispute in the mid-nineteenth century discussion on company law was centred on the system for liquidation with full liability for all shareholders, which was adopted in 1844. This however, was soon shown to be virtually unworkable in the aftermath of a number of important failures in the later 1840s. Quite apart from the fact that it was often impossible to ascertain which shareholders would be personally responsible in the event of failure, since many of them were likely to have sold or bought their shares after the main loss had been incurred, the effect of maintaining full personal responsibility for shareholders was thought to discourage men of substance from buying shares in enterprises in which there was any degree of risk.[3]


[1] (1971) 1 CH CAS at 204.
[2] Hadden op cit. p.20.
[3] Ibid p.21.

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